MUSIC USED:

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

Check out Michael’s new album here!

IMAGES:

Catapulta by Edward Poynter, 1868 CE; modern depiction of a Roman siege engine during the siege of Carthage By Edward Poynter - http://prerafaelit.narod.ru/gal4/photo20.htm, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1785057

Archimedes before being killed by the Roman soldier By Unknown author - Scanned by Szilas from the book J. M. Roberts: Kelet-Ázsia és a klasszikus Görögország (East Asia and Classical Greece), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52151843

Denarius of C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius, minted in 125 BC. The reverse depicts the triumph of his ancestor Lucius Caecilius Metellus, with the elephants he had captured at Panormus By CNG - https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=311112, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73064567

Map of the western Mediterranean at the time of the First Punic War in 264 BCE. Platek, J. (2012, April 26). The Western Mediterranean 264 BCE. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/237/the-western-mediterranean-264-bce/

The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE) Netchev, S. (2022, May 31). The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15973/the-second-punic-war-218---201-bce/

Hannibal's Major Battles in Italy Martini, F. (2016, May 26). Hannibal's Major Battles in Italy. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5175/hannibals-major-battles-in-italy/

Map of the Mediterranean Sea with Europe and North Africa, showing the approximate route taken by Hannibal in the Third Century B.C. By Harrias - Own workMovements based on Miles, Richard (2011). Carthage Must be Destroyed. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-101809-6, pp. 260-261., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=129569922

Battle of Zama Sailko, . (2016, March 15). Battle of Zama. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4634/battle-of-zama/

Map of the western Mediterranean Sea in 264 BC By Harrias - This file was derived from: First Punic War 264 BC v2.pngChanges:Adjusted Carthaginian territory in Corsica and Sardinia.Information from:Muir, Ramsay; Treharne R. F.; Fullard, Harold (1969). Muir's Historical Atlas. London: George Philip and Son. OCLC 1090019533 p. 11, map B., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=93911131

Polybius, ancient Greek historian By Jona Lendering, Livius Onderwijs - Livius.Org, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2644347

Detail from the Ahenobarbus relief showing two Roman foot-soldiers from the second century BC By Unknown artist - Jastrow (2007), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87399462

Hamilcar Barca Kordas, . (2016, May 30). Hamilcar Barca. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5181/hamilcar-barca/

Territory ceded to Rome by Carthage under the treaty is shown in pink By First_Punic_War_264_BC.png: Jon PlatekFirst_Punic_War_264_BC.jpg: Macarensesderivative work: Harrias - First_Punic_War_264_BC.jpgInformation from:Muir, Ramsay; Treharne R. F.; Fullard, Harold (1969). Muir's Historical Atlas. London: George Philip and Son. OCLC 1090019533 p. 11, map B., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=92989835

A Carthaginian quarter-shekel, dated 237–209 BC, depicting the Punic god Melqart (who was associated with Hercules/Heracles). On the reverse is an elephant, possibly a war elephant By CNG - https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=191596, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=72830171

Modern bust of Hannibal Barca Raddato, C. (2016, January 10). Hannibal Barca Bust. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4387/hannibal-barca-bust/

Quintus Fabius Maximus By Herzi Pinki - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63204948

John Trumbull, The Death of Paulus Aemilius at the Battle of Cannae (1773) By John Trumbull - The Athenaeum / Yale University Art Gallery, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16173157

Battles of Trebia, Lake Trasimene and Cannae, anticlockwise, from top By Original Author - The Department of History, United States Military Academy. USMC provided permission for raster graphic. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Second_Punic_War_Battles.gif for more information - Digitization of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Second_Punic_War_Battles.gif, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=108533873

Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps, by Heinrich Leutemann 1866 CE By Heinrich Leutemann - http://www.musee-dauphinois.fr/uploads/Image/55/WEB_CHEMIN_13462_1303138981.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58002050

A silver double shekel from Carthage's last minting of coins before its destruction By CNG - https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=66882, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=95339113

Map of approximate extent of Numidian, Carthaginian and Roman territory in 150 BC By Goran tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=111637076

Ruins of the Punic Quarter, Carthage, in 2005 By Eirik Newth - originally posted to Flickr as The Punic Quarter, Carthage, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3824202

Cato the Elder Artist, U. (2017, March 15). Cato the Elder. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/6421/cato-the-elder/

The Phoenician Expansion c. 11th to 6th centuries BCE Netchev, S. (2021, November 09). The Phoenician Expansion c. 11th to 6th centuries BCE. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14796/the-phoenician-expansion-c-11th-to-6th-centuries-b/

Military Harbour of Carthage Raddato, C. (2016, May 01). Military Harbour of Carthage. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5016/military-harbour-of-carthage/

Trade Routes in the Ancient Mediterranean Netchev, S. (2021, August 16). Trade Routes in the Ancient Mediterranean. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14421/trade-routes-in-the-ancient-mediterranean/

Corvus (boarding device) By Chewie - based on Model of the "corvus" by Martin Lokaj, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1683017

Roman Warship Relief Miate, L. (2017, September 06). Roman Warship Relief. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7232/roman-warship-relief/

Carthaginian Sacred Band Hoplite Ferruggia, A. (2016, June 07). Carthaginian Sacred Band Hoplite. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5189/carthaginian-sacred-band-hoplite/

Modern recreations of Carthaginian soldiers and a war elephant By Elliott Sadourny - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31195604

The Iberian Peninsula in the 3rd century BC Von Alcides Pinto - Based on the map done by Portuguese Archeologist Luís Fraga, from the "Campo Arqueológico de Tavira". The reference map can be found at this location [1]., GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10271416

Coin showing Hasdrubal Barca By The Ogre at en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here. Original uploader was The Ogre at en.wikipedia, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2825608

Acropolis & Theatre of Saguntum Cartwright, M. (2016, September 02). Acropolis & Theatre of Saguntum. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5595/acropolis--theatre-of-saguntum/

Blocks carrying a Latin inscription of the imperial forum of Roman Saguntum Cartwright, M. (2016, September 02). Inscription Stones, Forum of Saguntum. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5596/inscription-stones-forum-of-saguntum/

A bust of Hannibal, 17th century CE By Jll294 - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10896637

Destruction of the Roman army By HogweardBattle cannae destruction.png: Frank Martini. Cartographer, Department of History, United States Military Academy - Battle cannae destruction.png: The Department of History, United States Military Academy [1], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=92510196

Philip V of Macedon pledged his support to Hannibal following the Carthaginian victory By PHGCOM - Own work by uploader, photographed at the British Museum, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6067809

Portrait of Scipio Africanus, marble, c. 1460–1465 CE By Francis Helminski - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=85377237

An imaginative 16th-century CE painting of the battle By anonymous - https://www.artic.edu/artworks/111618, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77732835

Roman Mosaic Showing the Transport of an Elephant Raddato, C. (2015, June 11). Roman Mosaic Showing the Transport of an Elephant. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3925/roman-mosaic-showing-the-transport-of-an-elephant/

Phoenician-Punic Ship NMB, . (2016, March 31). Phoenician-Punic Ship. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4818/phoenician-punic-ship/

By Kocaeligönüllüsü - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99599013

Hiero II of Syracuse By Sailko - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40864167

Full scale replica of a Roman military troop transporter ship By Carole Raddato from Frankfurt, Germany - Full scale replica of a Roman military troop transporter ship (navis lusoria) from Mainz (Type Mainz A), Museum für Antike Schiffahrt, Mainz, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65155973

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