MUSIC USED:

The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:

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IMAGES:

Roman Ballista Reconstruction Rozen, O. (2014, February 02). Roman Ballista Reconstruction. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2284/roman-ballista-reconstruction/

Rome and Carthage at the start of the Second Punic War and the theatre of the Punic Wars By Rome carthage 218.jpg:William Robert Shepherd(1871–1934)Alternative namesWilliam R. Shepherd; William ShepherdDescriptionAmerican cartographer and historianDate of birth/death12 June 18717 June 1934Location of birth/deathCharlestonBerlinWork locationNew York CityAuthority file: Q8017647VIAF: 100210280ISNI: 0000 0001 2103 3838LCCN: n85234631NLA: 35776491Open Library: OL163043AWorldCatMap of Rome and Carthage at the start of the Second Punic War.svg: Grandiose (talk · contribs) - Own workModified version of:Map of Rome and Carthage at the start of the Second Punic War.svg, itself a derived version of Rome carthage 218.jpg, a map appearing in:Shepherd, William R. (1923) "Rome and Carthage at the Beginning of the Second Punic War, 218 B.C." in Historical Atlas, Category:New York: Henry Holt and Company, p. 32 OCLC: 1980660.Modifications in this version based upon:Moore, R. L. (1981) The Hamlyn Historical Atlas, London, p. 22 ISBN: 0-600-30361-6., CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=127674843

Roman Cavalryman Reconstruction book, w. U. S. (2014, May 14). Roman Cavalryman Reconstruction. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2634/roman-cavalryman-reconstruction/

Roman Army Reenactment Splinter, H. (2013, March 19). Roman Army Reenactment. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1118/roman-army-reenactment/

Parthian Cataphract Netchev, S. (2022, February 15). Parthian Cataphract. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15254/parthian-cataphract/

The Battle of Actium, by Laureys a Castro, painted 1672 By Laureys a Castro - http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/11743.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3525889

Roman cavalry reenactment By � Codrin.B / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27862146

A late 1st-century CE Roman legion By Brandmeister - Own work (based upon Peter Connolly, Greece and Rome At War, p. 209-210), CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23270540

Territorial Expansion of the Roman Republic (c. 260 - 30 BCE) Netchev, S. (2022, December 05). Territorial Expansion of the Roman Republic (c. 260 - 30 BCE). World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16762/territorial-expansion-of-the-roman-republic-c-260/

Augustus of Prima Porta Niermann, A. W. (. n. v. b. T. (2012, April 26). Augustus of Prima Porta. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/97/augustus-of-prima-porta/

Roman auxiliary infantry crossing a river By CristianChirita - Photo by CristianChirita, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=819821

Roman Warship Relief Miate, L. (2017, September 06). Roman Warship Relief. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7232/roman-warship-relief/

Trireme Hull with Bronze Ram Manske, M. (2013, May 05). Trireme Hull with Bronze Ram. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1184/trireme-hull-with-bronze-ram/

By Élisée Reclus - Extrait de "L’Homme et la Terre", Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25256006

19th-century interpretation of the quinquereme's oaring system, with five levels of oars. By Originally from the German Wikipedia - Baumeister: Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums 1888, Volume III, page 1611, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6496475

Plan of the battle by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, Paris, 1734 CE By Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville - François Catrou & Pierre-Julien Rouillé, Histoire romaine. Octavien-César, Marc-Antoine et Lépide, empereurs sous le nom de triumvirs, avec des notes historiques, géographiques et critiques, ..., Paris, 1734, vol. 18, p. 676., CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99476501

A depiction of the Maniple Formation By Cristiano64 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45852195

This marble relief shows a small Roman coastal vessel with two masts, found at Carthage Crabben, J. v. d. (2014, December 13). Corbita Sailing. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3313/corbita-sailing/

The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE) Netchev, S. (2022, May 31). The Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15973/the-second-punic-war-218---201-bce/

A historical reenactor in Roman centurion costume By I, Luc Viatour, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2844461

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